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Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin
Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin ((ヘブライ語:יעקב בן משה מולין)) (c. 1365 – September 14, 1427) was a Talmudist and ''posek'' (authority on Jewish law) best known for his codification of the customs (''minhagim'') of the German Jews. He is also known as ''Maharil'' - the Hebrew acronym for "Our Teacher, the Rabbi, Yaakov Levi" - as well as ''Mahari Segal'' or ''Mahari Moelin''. Maharil's ''Minhagim'' was a source of law for Moses Isserles’ component of the ''Shulkhan Arukh''.
==Biography==
''Maharil'' was the son and pupil of Moshe Levi Moelin, Rabbi of Mainz, and a pupil of R. Shalom b. Isaac of Wiener Neustadt. At a young age, Moelin was recognized as a budding scholar. In 1387, he succeeded his father as Rabbi of Mainz. He established a yeshiva in Mainz which attracted many students. One of his most noteworthy students was Jacob Weil. Moelin lived through the mass slaughter of Jews in Austria in 1420 and the Hussite wars in 1421, which brought suffering to the Jews of Bavaria and the Rhine; see History of the Jews in Germany. ''Maharil'' played an important role in rebuilding these communities. He died and was buried in Worms.
Moelin composed ''piyyutim'' for the synagogue. He was also a notable ''Hazzan'' who famously ruled that traditional melodies should not be changed. Some traditional melodies attributed to him were still in use in pre-World War II Mainz. He appears also to have been familiar with the study of astronomy.
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